درک تکامل در "منشاء" داروین: زمینه در حال ظهور تفکر تکاملی [کتاب انگلیسی] | کتابخانه مجازی الفبا

Table of contents :
Foreword: From Biology to Darwin
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction: Why Read the ``Origin of Species´´?
1.1 Darwin´s Own Theory
1.2 Primary Sources of the History of Science in Science Education
1.3 Significance of the First Edition
1.4 The Two Core Ideas of Evolution
1.5 The Written Style and Argumentation
1.6 How Science Works
1.7 Darwin´s Epistemic Assumptions and Methods
1.8 Structure of the Volume
References
Part I: Transformation of Species, from the Beginning
Chapter 2: Debates About Life´s Origin and Adaptive Powers in the Early Nineteenth Century
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Systems of Nature and Theories of Life
2.3 The Abbot and the Jesuit
2.4 Organic Molecules, Matter, and the Origin of Species
2.5 Theories of the Earth and the Limits of Species Change
2.6 Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
2.7 To Darwin´s Doorsteps
2.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: The Darwinian Not Too Strictly Balanced Arrangement Between Cuvier and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Cuvier and the Principle of the Conditions of Existence
3.3 Geoffroy and the Unity of Type
3.4 Conditions of Existence vs. Unity of Type
3.5 An Evolutionist Arrangement Between Cuvier and Geoffroy
3.6 Darwin´s Tactful Materialism
References
Chapter 4: An Amazing Journey: Darwin and the Fuegians
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Adventure and Beagle Expeditions
4.3 Four Fuegians on Their Way to London
4.4 Observations About the Fuegians
4.5 Scientific Description of the Fuegians
4.6 In England
4.7 Coming Home
4.8 Last Encounter with Jemmy
4.9 After the Beagle
4.10 Woollya Massacre
4.11 History Review
4.12 Jemmy, a Man from Nowhere
4.13 The Journey in History
References
Part II: Constructing a Theory
Chapter 5: Darwin´s First Writings: From the Beagle Voyage to His Transmutation Notebooks (1837-1839) and Essay (1844)
References
Chapter 6: The Development of Darwin´s Theory: From Natural Theology to Natural Selection
6.1 Introduction
6.2 A Note on Conceptual Change
6.3 Beginnings
6.4 Becoming an Evolutionist
6.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: ``Great as Immensity, Deep as Eternity´´: What Could the Grandeur of Life Say About God´s Existence, According to D...
7.1 What Does the Diversity of Life Tell Us About God?
7.2 Mr. Vestiges´ Account of Creation
7.3 Darwin´s Religious Views: His Autobiography
7.4 A Direct Discussion with a Proponent of Design: Asa Gray
7.5 What Darwin Said to Others: The Importance of His Letters on the Subject
7.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Mr. Darwin´s Beloved Barnacles: Using Cirripedes to Understand Evolution in ``Origin of Species´´
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Mr. Arthrobalanus
8.3 The Cirripede Monographs, 1851 and 1854
8.3.1 The Evolution of Sex
8.4 Understanding Origin of Species Through the Cirripedes
8.4.1 The ``Meaning´´ of Intercrossing
8.4.2 Laws of Variation
References
Chapter 9: Wallace, Darwin, and the Relationship Between Species and Varieties (1858)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Darwin´s Views
9.3 Wallace´s Views
9.4 Wallace´s and Darwin´s Agreements and Disagreements
9.5 Final Remarks
References
Chapter 10: There Have Been Few Such Naturalists Before, but Still: Darwin´s Public Account of Predecessors
10.1 Introduction
10.2 A Model of Active Reading
10.2.1 Part 1: Codification and Categorization
10.2.2 Part 2: Flowchart
10.3 Discussion
10.3.1 Dichotomous Reasoning
10.3.2 Historical Backgrounds and Sources
10.4 Final Comments
References
Chapter 11: You Too Can Find ``Grandeur in This View of Life´´: A Linguistic Remedy for Resisting the Desire to Abandon Darwin...
11.1 The Origin: Something More than a Treatise on Evolutionary Biology
11.2 A Map of Darwin´s Awe for Nature
11.3 In Search of Nature´s Grandeur Using the Map of Darwin´s Awe
11.3.1 On the Origin of Darwin´s Two Languages: Scientific-Technical and Aesthetic-Emotional
11.3.2 The Passing of Time, or the Sublime in Darwin: The Hidden Beauty of Rocks
11.3.3 Knowledge, or the Key to Finding Nature´s Grandeur: Darwin´s Entangled Banks
11.4 There´s More Awe Still to Find in the Origin: Further Perspectives of Research
References
Part III: Spreading the New Theory to the World
Chapter 12: Origin´s Chapter I: How Breeders Work Their Magic
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Inheritable Variation Among Domesticated Animals and Plants
12.2.1 Domesticated Animals and Plants Are Amazingly Variable Due to the Effects of Several Causes
12.2.1.1 Causes of Variability (Darwin, 1859, pp. 7-11)
12.2.1.2 Effects of Habit (Darwin, 1859, pp. 11)
12.2.1.3 Correlation of Growth (Darwin, 1859, pp. 11-12)
12.2.2 Some Associated Topics: Inheritance; Domesticated Varieties as Reverting Back to the Forms of Their Wild Progenitors; t...
12.2.2.1 Inheritance (Darwin, 1859, pp. 12-14)
12.2.2.2 Character of Domestic Varieties [with a Preview of Natural Selection] (Darwin, 1859, pp. 14-15)
12.2.2.3 Difficulty of Distinguishing Between Varieties and Species (Darwin, 1859, pp. 15-16)
12.2.3 Wild Progenitor Species and Their Domesticated Descendants
12.2.3.1 Origin of Domestic Varieties from One or More Species (Darwin, 1859, pp. 16-20)
12.2.3.2 Domestic Pigeons, Their Differences and Origin [with a Preview of the Tree of Life] (Darwin, 1859, pp. 20-29)
12.3 Selection by Human Breeders
12.3.1 Principle of Selection Anciently Followed and its Effects (Darwin, 1859, pp. 29-33)
12.3.2 Methodical and Unconscious Selection (pp. 33-7)
12.3.3 Unknown Origin of Our Domestic Productions (pp. 37-40)
12.3.4 Circumstances Favorable to Man´s Power of Selection (pp. 40-43)
12.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Origin´s Chapter II: Darwin´s Ideas on Variation Under the Lens of Current Evolutionary Genetics
13.1 A Quick, Contemporaneous View
13.2 Variability: Variation, Selection, and Evolution
13.3 Individual Differences: The Link Between Artificial and Natural Selection
13.4 Doubtful Species: Defining Species from Varieties; Polymorphisms Then and Now
13.5 Inheritance (Pangenesis Views)
13.6 Variation and Sexual Selection
13.7 Regression Towards the Mean and Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
13.8 ``Wide Ranging, Much Diffused, and Common Species Vary Most´´
13.9 ``Species of the Larger Genera in Any Country Vary More Than Species of the Smaller Genera´´
References
Chapter 14: Origin´s Chapter III: The Two Faces of Natural Selection
References
Chapter 15: Origin´s Chapter IV: The Newton of the Blade of Grass
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Natural Selection
15.3 Sexual Selection
15.4 Selection at Work
15.5 Division of Labor
15.6 The Tree of Life
15.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Origin´s Chapter V: How ``Random´´ Is Evolutionary Change?
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Effects of External Conditions
16.3 Effects of Use and Disuse
16.4 Acclimatization
16.5 Correlation of Growth
16.6 Compensation and Economy of Growth
16.7 Other Patterns of Variation
16.8 Summary
References
Chapter 17: Origin´s Chapter VI: The Initial Difficulties of Darwin´s Theory
17.1 Introduction
17.2 The Main Difficulties
17.3 Absence or Rarity of Transitional Forms
17.4 On the Origin and Transitions of Organic Beings with Peculiar Habits and Structure
17.5 Organs of Extreme Perfection and Complication
17.6 Organs of Little Apparent Importance
17.7 Final Comments
References
Chapter 18: Origin´s Chapter VII. Darwin and the Instinct: Why Study Collective Behaviors Performed Without Knowledge of Their...
18.1 Introduction
18.2 ``Natural´´ Behaviors and ``Natural´´ Government
18.3 The Intelligent Agent and Natural Theology
18.4 The Creator´s Benevolence in His Works
18.5 Vigilant Natural Government or a Great General Law?
18.6 The Great General Law, the Nobility of the Divinity, and the Classroom
References
Chapter 19: Origin´s Chapter VIII: Darwin for and Against Hybridism
19.1 The Place of Chapter VIII within the Context of the Origin
19.2 The Place of Chapter VIII in the Context of Hybridism
19.3 Darwin´s Argumentation in Chapter VIII, ``on Hybridism´´
References
Chapter 20: Origin´s Chapter IX and X: From Old Objections to Novel Explanations: Darwin on the Fossil Record
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Darwin´s Geological Sources and Context
20.3 Taming the Fossil-Record Objection
20.4 Geology in Evolution´s Service
20.5 Geology and the Argument of the Origin
References
Chapter 21: Origin´s Chapter XI and XII: ``Seed! Seed! Seed!´´: Geographical Distribution in on the Origin of Species
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Migration, Modification, and Multiplication
21.3 Seed Time
21.4 The Context: Darwin, Gray, Agassiz, and Seed Dispersal
21.5 Conclusion: Back to the Seed
References
Chapter 22: Origin´s Chapter XIII. The Meaning of Classification, Morphology, Embryology, and Rudimentary Organs to the Theory...
References
Chapter 23: Origins´ Chapter XIV: The Good Old Habit of Summarizing
23.1 Introduction
23.2 On the Writing of Chapter XIV: Darwin´s Expectation Regarding the Reception of the Book
23.3 On the Reading of Chapter XIV: Analyzing Its Structure
23.3.1 The Main Difficulties of the Theory
23.3.1.1 Complex Organs and Instincts
23.3.1.2 Fertility and Sterility Among Species and Varieties
23.3.1.3 Geographical Distribution and Intermediate Forms
23.3.2 The Advantages of the Theory
23.3.3 Causes of the General Belief in the Immutability of Species
23.3.4 The Conclusion of the ``Recapitulation and Conclusion´´
23.4 On the Teaching with Origin´s Chapter XIV: Aspects of Nature of Science (NOS)
23.5 Final Thoughts: One Long Argument?
References
Part IV: Epilogue: What Came Next Was Extraordinary
Chapter 24: Continuities and Ruptures: Comparing Darwin´s ``On the Origin of Species´´ and the Modern Synthesis
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Some of Darwin´s Influences
24.3 Darwin´s Proposal
24.4 The Modern Synthesis
24.5 Ruptures and Continuities
24.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 25: From the Modern Synthesis to the Other (Extended, Super, Postmodern) Syntheses
25.1 Introduction
25.2 The MS as the Second Synthesis
25.3 Key Aspects of the MS
25.4 Key Aspects of the MS
25.5 Four Challenges to the MS
25.5.1 Neutralism
25.5.2 Punctuated Equilibria
25.5.3 Evo-Devo
25.5.4 Evo-Eco
25.6 Conceptual Challenges to the MS
25.7 ``Extended,´´ ``Postmodern´´ or ``Super´´ Syntheses: Does the MS Need ``Softening´´?
25.8 Conclusion
References
Author Index
Subject Index